Primary education is again being studied in two of the articles published in this issue. In the first, an analysis of the teachers' representations of the new curricular bases in the Mapuche rural context emphasizing the need to overcome them in said bases is made; and in the second, ways of educational intervention are provided so that teachers, from their modes of action and spheres of action, strengthen the socio-emotional development of their students.

Teachers of the Manabí Advanced Polytechnic School of Manabí Manuel Félix López, from the theoretical study of the components of the concept of competence, propose modes of action, professional values, and professional competencies of five careers that are studied in Ecuador.

The representation of models for the overcoming of professionals in certain branches of knowledge is the object of attention in two works. In one of them the model is aimed at the management of local rural development of the professor of Agriculture of the Agricultural Polytechnic Institutes of Mountain of Cuba, and in the other to the overcoming of the itinerant teacher in the attention of schoolchildren diagnosed with dysarthria.

Providing the results of a diagnosis that reflects insufficiencies in the evaluative practice of Mathematics and Physics learning was the objective of an article proposed by professors from the University of Information Sciences of Cuba. From this same perspective, in another one a study of the insufficiencies in the formative orientation of the animal handling in the preparation of the future agronomist is made.

Interesting are the issues about the insufficiencies in the epistemological foundations of the pedagogical dimension of extension in Cuba; and the inferential discursive construction as a procedure for the treatment of inference in the process of comprehension of texts by students of pre-university education.

The investigation into the historical evolution of the labor training process of students with intellectual disabilities from 1962 to the present in Cuba in Special Education allowed the authors of another of the published articles to identify their historical tendencies.

In one of the essays, a critical analysis of the official proposal of the Colombian State on political education is presented, underscoring the importance of continuing to advance not only in the formation of citizens from the school, but also in the transformation of schools into truly democratic scenarios. In the second essay reflects on the need for the professional improvement of preschool teachers is in correspondence with the main educational problems of the territory and the identified individual learning needs.