mgonzalezAnonymous212019-10-29T18:18:00Z2019-10-29T18:19:00Z2019-10-29T18:19:00Z10343818915157442230915

Institutionalization of the process of evaluation and acreditation in higher education in Bolivia

Institucionalización de los procesos de evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Bolivia

Kinjo Villarroel-Sikujara

Bolivia,

Aspirante a Doctor en Ciencias Pedagógicas por la

Universidad José Martí Correo electrónico(s):

kvillarroelsikujara@gmail.com

Recibido

: 24 de octubre de 2018

Aceptado

: 23 de enero de 2019Abstract: This paper has the objective to think about the deinstitutionalization of the process of evaluation and accreditation in high her education by the Evaluation and Acreditation in Higher Education Multinational Agency. The exhaustive search the bibliography established that the creation of abovementioned Agency has not materialized the reforest does no let the Agency to do the abovementioned processes thematically. The evaluation and accreditation in higher education in Bolivia are still executed by the Bolivian University Executive Committee and by the Department of Education.

EduSol

Vol. 19. Núm.6

ISSN: 1729-8091

Publicada en línea: octubre de 2019 (http://edusol.cug.co.cu)iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAboAAACOCAYAAABHa82KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACx jwv8YQUAAAAgY0hSTQAAeiYAAICEAAD6AAAAgOgAAHUwAADqYAAAOpgAABdwnLpRPAAAAAlwSFlz AAAh1QAAIdUBBJy0nQAAQr9JREFUeF7tfQmYXEXVdieZnpksoIBASHqSsGg0CuqHy4eKfKgooiDw IyibIPALIhi2DwRlEdmVRWRHUDYBk8lkAREEBGRHCWHf9zUQErbsk+99q6t7qm/Xvbfq9r29zZnn 6ad7uuvW8tby1jl1zqnc9Hz+6OtyuVVz8heKwFW53PBp+fwxN+dyowQmQUAQEAQEgRZDoC+ffwKL +Mt9nZ3brMjlhrRY9TOv7syOjo2Bz8PAZ/G1udzKmRcoBQgCgoAgIAikiwCJDov4Crz6saBPndLd PT7dElozN5Da6sDkQryWaXyE6FqzK6XWgoAgMNgRMIiOZLdiWmfnO72dnb+gum4wYnNfLpfv7ej4 GXCYqwlO4SIS3WAcDdJmQUAQaAsEgkRXWtwh3T2N1w6DRZ3JdqLtW2k1ZYnczHeR6NpixEsjBAFB YNAhEEZ0hjRzz/Surs3blfDYrmldXV9He28PSHBBshOiG3SzQxosCAgCbYGAA9GVFnwSwXeuzuWG tUPD2Q6oJ7fA67YYghPVZTt0uLRBEBAEBi8CHkRXOsN7AM/sPiOXG9GKqP09lxsJ9eSeILgHHAlO iK4VO1rqLAgIAoJACQFfojPO8N7As6fAcOUTrYAmyG393nz+NLwHjUxs53FyRtcKnSp1FAQEAUHA BYGkRGdIQ8vx+U6cc+3XN3z4GJcy65WGrhKQ3A5C/e7De7+nBCdndPXqKClHEBAEBIEsEQABHErT +RpJoKTWJOndTvcEEOhnEUmkI8u6B/PGuVtnX0fHF1GHo9Cue1MgtxLZLUde59e7PfXETsoSBAQB QaCtESApUepJg+wCebyOvKfhu0NmDhv2PzNGjfpIWtabyGforBEjRkOS/BaI9Zco5xqQ0bzU25DP PwWr083aegBI4wQBQUAQGAwI0FEaRHEwiGJB6mRRdLimM/pSENILeP2DEhK++yVibe4BovrejI6O TSCNfY5nafjuk3htgO8+39fVtSl+33ZaR8dP8NvReO4ivG5BHq/gnRKk6xmbb7qFKO94Gq8Mhv6X NgoCgoAgMGgQmNbd3QPyuDJFtZ8vwTQ+PaTDVjGyGTQDUxoqCAgCgkDaCECC2hiEd3eGElPjCa1a GpxNVSiwlODWaQ8oyU8QEAQEgWZE4Cicg8Ekf/uIsFjNSFb+dcrnH4cqdKd2cYZvxrEkdRIEBAFB oKkRoLUhiQDqzAfbScJDex5Cu3bl+WRTd4BUThAQBAQBQaA+CCjCQ+BjkMPNeM/SEMRfKnM3SlkO CfUmtgMSa13dH+rTS1KKICAICAKCQBoIDJmZz38aEtE5IIy3W0TKewsEdyatOuUMLo0hIHkIAoKA IDBIENCxI3fUfmypOJ6nSJwf0I9vemfn9wfr/XqDZBhKMwUBQUAQCEeAztBpOXGDTFaF/9vOIKqr aogpWYvakrekv4ryL6ERDW4JXzmtvsdlrJtAddudVn6SjyAgCAgCgkCdEAAxPIlX39ThwwtpFkkD j6l0+O7sPBBS1RSU8Rw+L0tRWqMD+hLG6sT7FSDsn9HJPG3LyWm53IdR53NRxsJLUyTONLGWvAQB QUAQEAQiECDR6agl8xCZZO+0iaJUNKXGqSNHroEyvgpy2gukdALKvRwEcpOy5mTElM7ON/SZ33y8 M5wXQ4g9h99no543wIn7Ejx3LD7vBglrI0qQWXUu64uytkf5L2pyXixElxXakq8gIAgIAhkiUCK6 kqQFUrmLobcyLDIs6yEkWUqCDM6s3xtyyStDkAGX6wPS5+K+XG6lBuAiRQoCgoAgIAjUggAW9Kcs 6kSqGC9OW51ZSz3r8aySOPP5s5RKtNpdQYiuHp0gZQgCgoAgkDYCWNhtRFcyCHmPgY17c7nV0i63 mfLjOZwOGB0V0FqIrpk6TeoiCAgCgoArAjFEV7p1YB6JYEYu9xHXfFshHQkcktuReL3pYCQjRNcK nSp1FAQEAUEgiIAL0RkkMB+EdyosHNduZSRndXWtg3O436FdNHpxdWcQomvlTpe6CwKCwOBFAMT1 tMdiX5LwluC5Xu2DN7QV0KOhC6w2vw1i70N7bWdwcYQnRNcKHS11FAQEAUHAItF5E51JjCC8Z/A6 Bt9NTMvxPK1eYn0QquxTPGcEwT3vS+hBq0s4jI9Kq26SjyAgCAgCgkCdEAAB1ER0hltCv/Z3OxrE siEDQNepCRXF0DUBd+l9Ce06LuXrhRYjbyG6RnSqlCkIeCDQ09Nz9Pienj+MKxROGz9mzEYej7ZE 0vFjx/4P2nY624jXL1Dppr0/E3X99vhC4Qxd18kNA5gSWY2Sjl3ll8+/AuL7y/SOjn1QxmeyCp91 SS43kn5/KGsy1al4n5tJezo7G0J0HCjjenqm4XUNBsxV66yzzofSGCyYKMchv5l4zcAgPDyNPLPI A/X8Gdrey/bjcx/qe1AW5Uie6SGA8XREacyq90Jhj/Ryj81pCMp8B3VYoV+NW1xjq5osAfA80mjf S81MdKjrqeW6FgoPJ2txCk9lRnTVRh403b8bRHQRXofi83aIkvLFGd3d4yApfSgsIst5cCC/PJdb hQYwWlL7AZ49Aq9L8bofeb2fEbFVEDjKWdQIiQ4D5WBjUPePGzdurRS6PQfC+LeR741p5JlFHli0 /mbUcwX+/2cW5Uie6SGAMfsfs8+4QUsv99ichOhiIapfgsFIdFbJDwTSD6JaTMLC6y2oHF8B+b6k 3othwD7QxiNMF2cwktnvQnT1mxxmSVgkbwwQ3R2NqYmU6ooA+uyhQJ/BVbVuf0J0dYM6viAhugaS VhLCFKKLH9RZpMCi+feAdHBbFuVInukhAKl7dqDP/ppe7rE5CdHFQlS/BE1DdJCcnk2y8A+2Z0h0 vHuvfkOkWNJgV12C6K7EorlML5zLeaZY7z6Q8vwQANHdjP5aXu6znp4L/HKoKbUQXU3wpfuwEF0L SnRCdOlOApfcCoXCcBjgrAFLujFrr732mmuttdYIl+ckTeMQYB+V+ozv48ePr+c9jkJ0jev6qpKF 6ITonIbjYJfonECSRILAAAJCdE00GoToWpDo6MpQ7zEkRFdvxKW8FkdAiK6JOlCITojOaTgK0TnB JIkEgRICQnRNNBaahuhgyv/cYDMsSdJeGqOIRNdEM0iqIgjYERCia6KR0TREB6tLIToH6ZJEB3O/ uhtCiETXRLNWqtIKCAjRNVEvCdE5kEsSySurZ4TocjlYPn4OkVm+gdeXJ02a1BmcT+uNHr06TMr3 hnn5X/C6C6/78boFrz/CLWDHNddc0/mMk5Z7KGeS7TVmzBjrRcCo37oImbZpqY4+5dnWhk022aQD FoMbMb8JhcImYeVanh2CZzbEJP8l8JiC9t9J3zK+A4er8f0hE8aMmZhkPVpvvfVWhiXqV3UbJ9ny oJXj2mPGfGztQuELiPX42bhyVl999VHAbVu1KBUKs1Dnu5UvXKFwL76jH+N5KhQb2rRJRAxb1i2s z2oNXYc2j2UoMdTlArxuZPQVHYGF4+tyYo0++paqQ7IQYENQxnpo8w+Q12+QxxUsB//fp/0C79Fh +E7HONu+1vYE+4TzCdh9TZWNUHd6/nDM3K375Ay8785+xe9HNTIEGDDuItaoxwk6hKAaL6wz/+c4 Qlt2wWudtIiO6wHHKONmopzrVL8UClxf6MpyHtcX9n3oWIfqstao/plFI8mKtJLkK0SnfPoGYgiO H19eQEkoGGgnYsC9V+EoPBBvUMUdxPOvcpGIW3j5O9JtFZpXSLxLpJ8ceOZAl7LC0mCiftcMvzZh 7NhPx+WHem+sJnxPT38UFso3sFCYPnbs2I/G5Wn+jvy3LOULPB8J/PYVLpL4/V0jzaLVVlttpZAy OrB4HIa0b8XUtRQ3cgXq/AoI4fO2/MaNHbtXWD6o104+7SylXXvs2A2A51Q8v8Sxju8bPnys92SX cpH/dIc+K+OA9Auw2B9fq7sLNyVaa/OiY/s4rsx5VrdYl9wQoa6/wus1x7rSl5L9UcQtQazLDTfc ME98MAbeiC2zUJjH+pGIq/pciM4trJgQXYDoIDlxMIEM1sYAfDB2EA6QHifqPnGLD/L9vi/R0c8O A31ReZHHbjiunKjf9a6+NEnvQ9qoKPFDUe6vA4vsAEEESN9o23to63au9TSJjqSjnxuKdh8XUnY/ Je0q6RuLAdp3rUe/ldrST8nHSnSQ+tIiOkqOxBPtWpqgjibubkSHwOGJykHMWBu+Lv2ppP6enscS lTswnupCdBh33EQ9W1NdPYmOvrNKCxI+d+zzC9IeNpCFij4QonMjOkiBCwf7GZ0p0WGSfoeDCQPx +cBAnIvvuGicgtdJ+DwtsAOlZLcoTjpC/l/nQl5+mRJSxA0GWqIpTYDlYYty3EI0EVIQ6l2WYCGt 7B/xzBCUe1rVhCwUnsF3vEplH0o0+v1stOllMy0wWorvtomrk5Z0TYluAb4jyVWXrRcHSkI2NZuu lymhLKFKSO/Y92B98dpT/38lfnsOz3CTwoV1mK2uE3p6dij1F6V3nb4kzTtLdNyR49kplgXufV3H 49kfKOunSHMYyjpHqfoKhYWWZ5yIDs8dwWcpOegyGHX/AKoLFRZFafUkvOZY+vkG9oNL/5XSIN/N g/OCeCniKxSoKv5ftg+Y/hyfT1DjmvOhWlOQOdFxI2ZuIHX7ORYexPdna4l0H/xPjcpJqOdMtON1 C07OtxesvcYaa1o2Acvw3T/VNUzsF6pHgRNeVJcuDsypxyBtf6TcJylcSDooVJckOkQTHu4zmNNI qwdReTfdyNsLTKLjWQZet5cGl1rYCoUfM5JJsN3cmfUUCjdUDETPUF7If0H5+QiiI2EEJhjv6/L+ Qz4/NNq2OGrXzgkXWNTnEwsUmrcVrM4bitJfWVpB++ZPGD16fFxFA6rLRZpAB9SkJNdx407Ewvz/ lBoV56lBSRTqsk+YZaOuT+M8b/2YsoeOX2utj/PaqLg68nd1VmYsPqyny3NMg8Xsj4GxwnYeHyc5 oa2rKFLq6TEXPSei47wCLlTHx92jOZSEXjEeuakYP35b1/bxrBvtK6uXNcHezXvmYghzmD77NeO/ Zkp0+u67spZE1/WfPLsOjqtA+6kW/2+MrduMeetKdEPx3PUB4roranPMs0s8c2vgmd5yHUF0LyQ5 sxqEzyzEXSNCdCVJoafnDmMA30cyi5ro+hzvYWMgLoNxR4/r4uBMdMUzj/JukofkMRPSWgUeqpeJ DhJqWD1poIJ0cw1SnM+FzKVdWDB/hOdKMSEpTVwR91wF0eGcD21V5yUkFW6KbEZCwTw1yZY2T8u4 eMaV6/t7UqKjUUFgsXod9fuSR/l1sbpUF4pW9t11LnXkPEA/Px7YjP2BZ1Euz6uNQJ3uo+PGAfU0 zw77ueFAFawSva3+SO99Hx3GOOeFeS58vctZqDrv5L2dxrM0mlH1EqJzV10K0RnGKAMHzE/H7bRL EyB47oaF/icek9tJomN+GOi80diUgq3WiWFlfwwqD1MNhnp+Lywtyjk2IH04Sy66rrQiLNV1KS3V ojCpOKMznsP3oXUM5meezeFzTeeYYXVNQnTK+rNSrftBmOFLBEZ1ITpFOJVnnO/btBlV2MNYIjBe /oQ0XjeE143oCoXfBQj5DNf5Wp7znkSHHVeeGgZjE/1KhQoypgLog1VLmz+dR/GuTSE6IToMCKeL VytUl8VFtp/m/K6DnwuBmQc+X+z6rKtEpxagceP+KzBBj3EtRz9fth6kStZqxYWE/N6cVPh8p085 TKsO3CvPFyJve7cRHb47yadckpshgV7p86xr2iREx/OoAAn8r2t5Rrq6ER3quptZX4zvSPWvInLD whX9/uwkfOfbxnoQ3eiiq5BpMflQ2DyIqr+vRAeS2zowd/f2xQd5HGRuHkGU44ToHP35YHUpqkvT vaCoLsOFDn5/eGZAj44zPtenfYhOkVVPzwOG6vFRfOVsLIBnbzKI4LSwOmJh+1ZAxbKja3vMdMiD vmtFo42YG9QtRPceJVCfclHGLa7l+eRrpk1AdEOwQJkXtr6U8NaDuhEdXR8C/b95FF5BYsSY3iMJ vvUgOtS10lUHPmwJ6+qlusTY/Isx9952UVkG66XOW3t6BtxRYLiSg9Xli4PwvM3bgEaILuBeUPSL 2dp38GMAXmioJZ52fd6X6FDGgcYi1K8NDWKLo2Mynivdf7cCDtefCXsIdSqrdpSqc/z4D8cWYElg 7kDZzqjzmiDR0arVt0y073wDmyVRbfTNu5Tel+joaK40BAPWor9JWHbdiE5dQWTWGQZAkUQHa0Sj ffNdVJ22/OpCdJVGJHRjiTPSsTbdU6IbZlpr4tnE2gbgXHZ5Qj5nU6ITonOQ6kh0N+dy9bxXSw0c GhiYC3azWF1iQL6bJPII2kN/r5LJ+WtootP5hC/REacKlSAsEV0WTtTtAKN+90fVDwT1L4O073XJ 35aGB+ZmH68bYaRjkegm+5YbKI9S5PNYdL/gm09Uem+iKxT2NaWjBGdzperUjei4sakgOvh+hmFC IyGMl3nGeLk6Kd5ZEx1da8wzatT7/Brq6izRMXhCYLOzb+JyDckQ9b9BiM6B5CjxCtEFJDqoIJMM Qgzkww212RvIw0ml6Et0rBv9eYyF5RkHUh2C9PeUngGpRJEIVW3lhcvnvDGIW1AFxjPGMGyDRIf/ N0vQD0NBbn+rULvB1QHfXW5zR0iQv7d7gelSgM8LkpwH6XqmRnRKBYYzaO1Kszuw3pUGVcrHEy4a 3JC4Ep1yzTCtAXEemQRXvfk90sgrdfcC5RZQWdcf1VBXZ6Kj0VdFuQi7l0a5GE9zhOiE6Chd+Ruj FArnJhmEGMyH1ovo6EtWsZhjAkfVmfEnkV6Z+4O4FjHSSlh6OmGbeWtH379iUfR+0UHZzItRKFyJ jiq/JP2g3CIQQSJAdqVzQjqHnwyp6lMOmwNr8b4SXYUPFKKNJGlTGkSnIv1A+kf7n7RhE/UdSTCs 3vjNDCe3Av9/I2kbs5botF9o2bzf1V3G1h4f1eWEceP2r5hTjLOaYD7xGZT7qJHXkzyje0nO6OIt LynRwUSw4arLOH8118mDgfAfYyB4Ex2eP8q1LDNdPYlO+9WYPm6hhiXBnTLa1xfVProB+C6Erumj /MaCEl1VqCOPTlE+XQzAa48oUrSqhcGQXsCdfadYBW+i6+l5orwBQtxJj2YEkyaS6HguivIZcswW XcUllBvJK5zoAnFAkwb1rodEBwwOMcZqfy3HJT5ER/xd54hPOmwknxCi85DoGkF06NDymRE7dx2a yqbwV2HhhigELlli0A4EdY6IThIpNdVRomM9gNmZxqR4gTcShNSPYbweKaeNCclFacdnsnmlNQJm B+saJLooqdOlT5lGq+B+jQUhKpYho2FMcM3Tk+gYCYPhrUpxRXH1Y+I/b6LjhsgMEBCQKhbzDBOv +5HmXjVvUFcbIUYRHfI0jaNIimslbWHWEh3qWvYN5Tl35K0AMY3wJDqGDXTaVPikowU2VZci0TmQ XaMkOjpVV0y8hKqq4HjEAKR6qrSwOO2gK4gOBJxkotZTomP9aNSgJBPdVl63Y6u39r1T6dDO1+NM 20E4n6zol56ei/Dd9mm8aAwQhm0WRGeUxbBNm2JhuAgYzK9aTLDAu0oivkQXsLZz9q+04ORNdCj7 rEBbGZrtMhrt6DihQYOpoTR7p9+cObYiJTrGrjQW8XXWXHONJPOnThLd8YZ0vYj+fzXU1fmMDmWa RLccGwqei9Y8p3im2gpE9wFUq7OhYu3F60x8PgqvA/u6uvad3tGxz7Surv1AQof25vMn4ftL8Plf eL2TgTr2g2tzuerrH5KOAMfnVKBcY4JgciU+oDWKpBnvQMDiQuFPLtVpRaJDu2hgUmlqbGks0pxs 4BwbAUKd5VSGKTrIBcNa02RMdOXqcXFTDtympWDRz+8BF0MRT6KjYU850DV9qWrAyYvo9EbIDMP2 Iu/xcynfx+oyqJnxCX9n2aRma4zS03OMQXSM1rOKCx7WDaRHZBSUebQxp/p9IqLE1g/k8XIGpODt p1aqA6/DgZR5Hf7fH++fxd0ozjHgSo2F3W7n9K6uzZDHxchvQUrtawzR4ZJNc0Gl5Vdsp8Yk0FEP zMj1J7jk2aJEV+GiQWnN4qdG4i9LuFFWjyWcdJQLE0PGAMz8r15EV2oI1ZUYfxWGGS6h2zyJjn1k qo15G0DSPy+io6WpMb8YcowGOE5/XkQH6aRiYxShno4rvA6qy4rjEm7q4uoU9ruP6hJpK1xMGKg5 ablVzzUL0aEez03v7Dxo6siRiUV6GyggvQ8h7z1Bdnfj1V8D6TWE6GhsYKpH8Nkr3JMNE0Ykr1C7 4aDcZUC1KtHp26nLEe3LgV51oxnlv7yDpT7f7Y8Lqhk8uhYpxK1EpKo30bFivKUc+AzctBATvYXP +BIdfZ0MVfpTyMLJv9ICnDPRaQOUNw3p5WznjiAuHn506LdvBuZcpHN5VD2yJjqqCyvqStVfwj8v osPVX2a5wXmasArFx5qA6N6G1DU5a2fsFZg4aOsuILq3E5JdQ4gOXdShzowGztNuq6nDOUF7en5R MaDGjv2iS56tSnRsG+pejmrOMyizvfjtbAMP51vJsTj/wyDIx2pYnF3gV2kaQXSK7My2Fgpvx1XY m+gqjYaWMupIXBkhvzsT3YQJE8YHtCVb+pTpQ3S6LDPyi5MWxVafrIku6NfZM3bsoT64BOaW8xmd xqisRuY6lbTcquew+L+ScOFPrJ4sqynz+eundXc7X9WCWEcfRn0/A2LcAmdyOyOfbfCaBDt3J6dj Nr63q2tdPHNfXJtRzmso53yoT3eans9vAGsN+lQl3WXW1F+m4zMG+ZJaLe1oMm5M8Pddzlw0WQxY XbaIMUoJeBoKGG1+q2RsogIz9/SUr7rxcd9AfuWzDHxejmfXramjHR5uFNFh3JmXuy6Lu1bGl+iQ Py+mNVXBXrdAGNA5E502QBooM8JR39Y1PkSH53kD/QvGxmi2Q3dbk2RNdOriWzMYgoMEH9YWH4mO 66tpJBcX99ULPyzkjSC6fhiTnAKCcoqfhvO2tVHPKSCeJRaC6sdvT/XCMAVqSidfH94UjnyuNPNC 3svx/xzk9VvUbdPzEpwNegHvkRiDjjcpm2a3kRHuo7Lm5YVclI38ZrpWpZUlOmVCbkSOB2FspSSV 4r1iJetTZyz4bNCiE/gkjc/o2gUNk+jMBYsm51y4oyrtS3RIvzryLV/wycDTzqBUJnQmOj0XTKLz uffOS3WpxhpuDq+YxzEBDCLII1NjFF3Xq4y6Lh8/evQnkvSHJ9FR2/QHo1zeWZnOOV29iQ6EwnOy w1xBm9bR8SU881acBKZ+pxFLLhdqmm2WSSkQzxyJZ05C/lvDonJ11zrVOx0ce9cwFwEu2An9cBj6 qSIKBybfD13b08pExzaaZuT4rC45RfsvKe+yY4LyWnAaCkwGbklAQOZaHLhd+qFREh1wKt8UDewe j6urL9Gpvhg37mpjkaOz+jZx5Vh+dyY6bH5GB86inM6qS2V6SnQ5WnOiPPM2eIbRc9rsm+3MWqJj WQwtV0HKhcKsuM2Nra98iW6d4u3rJkZTkG/tmrR6Ex3Kc7ZOm9LZ+VGQ0ZtOJFfyhcvnr/FRZSaY SA15hOdKFZOyp+dmzyssqBYoB1RmXrQ0dFVbKqKovKanJfzozM7CDv6LpUmEtiygL5PhZjE3znfO 1vEqDmKlm8FtCOCb2O8obnA1gugYrsrUAgC7c+LqmYTotCpx4OYIbOgodcWVFfjdmejw3LAKt4ZC 4Q5+51qeL9FxwQ5uNGFwwWg9zkcveh5mLtGxTqjrnQEJ9Ghf0vElOo1RRRxWurm49kloOpxFvepF JA7O1WH54VxtBoxCnDoVxikdkLTuTFS3fH73moFpsgxo5m36vmmiuttlIaCUQd+kgPqT0Rl29mlm qxMdJ29FRJienr8amJzpg4WRlnkOWAwWNxB34WB9ok9+mmRjd65pEB0cMZ2lCIYjA0blMGr4vMzF /SIJ0alFPOi8zbMibCY8FlgfoqOqrEKdyM2gK/EkIDqqOz+BMgcuNC0GKLhyPVx06jpe6iHRsS6Q QD9PNXWFlI1rtnz86hIQnQ2j5SjzRN9rjSrS14voaN15lYd6EKS4VyKSKxLxQ+0o1WHC/7hCrC9K Ekvx/Y0gvEPVIjh+/EaUXLAL+iYG2X5YOKbivTp+X6GA7nDbdJQmYBsQHVUy5aDS5gTmpHZdaILp 9B12z1dI3MAceF1sRNcIPjYMz62HwNM7a/Xpmy535qVBdCp+Je6x49kvA/YGI7GoGKHjxn0Z7bmA xk+BDdIFLjglJTp1C71xA3pZrQzpAnXZk5Z5NtLjNTjrAk+0Z4eAmn9yVH0Z6SWQnvcs3oDX5hEL 61A6fAOnbc35GBUZxawD5uaPTAlZtRGETlIg7mHl0oGarjBIN8Pok9RvLzDrivow0PKAKrG4kXsD 9T2RqtgQjdAQakuUGxPWpnJdC4WHXcYO0wCjXYMYaV/Xw2kVatusMXYr1z7gcwgNWfD8PeWxUi+i g49caMDTYONJUqjXkzUQ3QpaZ7qC2krp0HlHWMjOLz4cooJ7qj0VRO1AdNqnruwTpifhgx4Sg3W4 rIO7tDC5yoGJA+SwDNi9ikn/ML5/EJ8ZU/IDSz/uEzcWayU6fUNDxcJFKQ2vt1D/53UcR3MXP2Cs gcXDddwkJTq2H320ql6obOO6H/jN5zkh6jwHnx816hxsF5+PJDqWhzR7VxFPUdJajLyfUsTLuwcZ 67LoPE+JrKosV6LTc2mPgLRkWpwyviYtNB9UGohC4RmtzTGNyErpMyU6jQ9vGzdVymZdF6EdDLag 6sqxjbq+a8OT4z9ufAdIdi/LRqtU9gfERc+nRzi/UG7FvMZ3SydOnFi02cCZWeaqS5DOP+nH5tpI hPb6ci0kx2eh9qxLSCbXNqWZDjsl7iRfCiymsWSnJbtj40zDw+raDkSnFpnAXWxo18Fp9I9WZV0Y nHAe/XRyXD1qJTqLBW/suOEiB4zO9lEd1UJ0xEA7cx+Ochd44GdrSyzRsTxIENsrSaWGoMI+RMcy KU1TzV1LmVwHat2kxY05XdeNUdf7a6qrJ9EpkoVlag3l9jMmrWof/cVqJRWH572sp+C3dqxDnpF+ fL1wH3DpwFIauhzQX64R8Sx96llKOwmxCLEI7IvXHVWql8rJulxJGrxjyyP6vK1OKOdWtZOmZFI8 N/H+w51Tu/B5vSP/BzJwOrNF+luMsnf0Lth4AAsS7wZ7UklZ2In6+M65lMvJhXzPVBKSZedvLBaU CuYCj+l4380leC7y/oraxaJPuQD4nJew7jiv3QDlnUdJBfkEJdsgUcyl+tVFpRrEZYMNNhhJSUiN Pez0k0a54NkV6nkA8rgV7+/FLbTczFHKw+vPeGZ33rvn0mdMQyyV2gtXWEVIEiWMKF29qYnqQqTf L7ElNIx98PyfkB+lOJvUZvYL5/PrVK9iLBztGpfTFYOYdMPQxu+g/MtRPmOT2iToyroWJa2/oX2/ ZISdhPXo4N2SyOcaLdlGbc54gfDjeJ1FNW95E1AHonv/77ncSJ8GQsq8vlaig0TnGspJVY2RWVDm PLzewrN/ge/e5q5+eT5tyyKtkiS48+HtxzjHwPv/x/tOGBxfo6qu3NlZFC55RiEwjJsLhn9Cn+yi +2VPbhLYN/wtqXSdAuxDGPNUWaIWCluTaFHPn3D8UGPAyPw+Frkp1Cc2C57B8HyGPpAV9QWeyhwe hh5RNz/EFmAkIDZqU8G+GjduL/Yd/t+VZQObL9A1AcmdjXocyx6mQv4VbzX/Yalcnlfx9m11/lS8 3sfZMtSx3CTJhk0YPRr7Z9y2XijsqMZ2JUaf14EtUq0rVefK/5FjFjYLHLPc0OC1DUlfB4Ku1h5m TXQgDa8ArVRxguheSIHo5vuoS9nTKHdGRbn5/KOMk8kg0UlGgjwjCAgCgoAg0AQIZE50+fwxPs2E KeBwkA2v5qkpxBgIdikDOvuUzet+bOUCoxfx2zlZx+P0qaukFQQEAUFAEHBEAAv767WSStTzsLbc 1rEqKhnI5MMp1affJ44my57R1fXNiLIX4/xuZZ+2SFpBQBAQBASBJkAga6Kbms97RTaYPnLkmikR HSXCST4Qq5iaIZIk42z6Sog+ZUtaQUAQEAQEgYwQyJrorh4xgoe2zn+wfvxIakSHi1udCy5KkzRI sd5ZJ0Tng6SkFQQEAUGgiRDImOiW8Wodn+ZCahqFOi1Lg+xmdHR4RbtgeDIQ2kLrOZ1IdD7dKGkF AUFAEGgeBLCwv5EGqYSQQ79P2C+i8hAsHFGnd1KpU0fH53yQJtFFGMIsgfmol3GLT9mSVhAQBAQB QSAjBLIkOhWhJJ9f36fq2r0glTvyZubzn/IpG6HLh+trhGwWn0t8pVOfsiWtICAICAKCQEYIgIwy k+iUVIYbun2rDnJ8OAWJztvqksYrEeUK0fl2pKQXBAQBQaAZEIAEMzcFUgn1eUP+f/RtJ+pza611 QrmL6JPnUzYsRHcVovNBTNIKAoKAINACCNSB6Ob6xo8E2VxZK9FBknzKF35gcZkQnS9qkl4QEAQE gSZHIGuiI3EgWLLXBZ945ohaiQ6O6jDgdP+jMzjKnB/hR7cUd8mv4p6jpBQEBAFBQBBoCgTqQXQo 46Hzcrm8a4Onwi2gVqLr7eiIvdvLrA+cxX8WVSZDignRufagpBMEBAFBoIkQwOL+Zq2k4vJ8b1eX D/EMQZ6zXfINSbP4quHDGbXf6Y+3K0DV+aIQnRNckkgQEAQEgdZCoF5Eh3LmTenqWscVHVhe7piU 6HjNjms5TIeyTogrixIdjFtW9clX0goCgoAgIAg0AQJ1JLoVuAz1ftfAyEfhrifU7c44Agr+DkJ6 H2rI9VyhhYrzK8hjSVw5QnSuiEo6QUAQEASaDIF6Ep0mk9tcHa9BjB+DtPVWHAkZvy/vzed/5Arx tK6uCSAwJ+d0Et11ItG5QivpBAFBQBBoHgSwgPsQSU13xJUICWXOntLdPd4FBfi2/RfI7uk4smPQ 5ekeBiizUD7yfTIuX6POQnQuHSZpBAFBQBBoNgQaQXQkD174CgOVb7rgcWnR9P9IPPOSRVXZD0OS 2xHAeSOXvJiGaeOMTyzlLO3N5VZzLUPSCQKCgCAgCDQJAljQ6y7RGSSyFIRzimsEk/vgosAbCfDM j0HQk/G+K9Sbn2B8TBc4eQ0P0h+F8he5SnJGumXNTnS84mhGZ+e3gc3BwOY01P1C+BP+kbejQ6V7 Ev4/EJ+3xgZjXZyBDnXBTNK0HwJU2eNseiO8fwvjYYupXV2b9SEAuuuRQvshIi1qewQaTHRFVWg+ /9ssgeaijjJ+4KOqtBBhUxKdIm8QPwjtFqpvXQicgauBxctIezGJMUvsJe/mQgDBG/ZAvy+v0ljk 80+4Hic0V4ukNoKAAwJY9Oa5LI5ZpMFi+zwkrG0dqpkoCW8En9bR8ROU80gK9W8qoiN5Y9HazabO 9WzrApHuEg2vlnsIEtzXMTYWW8bHnKm53Fot1yCpsCDgikAjiE5JHpDi+nK5lYL1hITSATXK3kjz H7wuIlFRraLTRqooqdqkawEJgCHAMKHf9Vz0o4xtllE16Iprlummjxy5JvD7WxptA8a4nUj+2h2B WVDxh5zH39Ms47rd+0Da10AE6k10KO8uWlLamozvP4XF+3bbAo7nFmFxf5bP4/0feF2D1wy+INXc gGcYSSXL88amILopnZ0fR3ufSYPkdB4Q6OSvnRHg5cchavtb5VyunXte2lZGoF5Eh3LegZry55TY gvDzZm/8diAW3g9SXMBTcYUwjVFmjBrVUIluFiLLxKoq8/kXgPX5SmULQ4O+rq5N8foGJNxtobra D+05F68H9TkNz2omyXRoLgQu5rkrtBpp1IpnuBgHt1SdyXV2Xg/V/qg0ypA8BIGmRwAT4O2syQWL 8/VQKa5tA4ORUvD79KzrkEL+y64aNWr1RnUoVbeaoMIIfA42C9+zbSQsG4sh1w4fXoAE/YNGtUfK tSNAC2IQ05+ppagVI+aFMXOJxfCkz9XSudY6yPOCQFMgkCXRYcK+C2li7zDz/96VVlqNZ3EpkFDa 0pstv8YSXWfnBSEqXfoRnsLzyaYYUFKJmhBAH6srqtIgOuTzc7xoiUvJfRk1JiRRGSs1dZE83IoI ZEh0c3ieFIUJyr64RUiOxLfs2gZJdIzHSZcAi/qpHyrJg1px3EmdqxFAX35fE1IqRKekw1zuw1NH jFiL2gioKjsFd0FgUCKQCdHl84+7RPrH4v16KxFdI1SXWv10qw0nWJeeg0Hr5Cw/KAd3CzWadzBi PrxX6uc0JLoWar5UVRDIFoEsjFFcz35QNo0i6qF2TKOMhoQA6+3utkpzUFc+w3v0sh0dkns9EJjW 3d0TDEknRFcP5KWMQYMAyGZuymSzxNVkGeVuhfKXplx+GqRmy2Nxn8XvL+uBYjMmIF6IhrJz1mU3 Y/5Qvw2b0d09DgG8v6zGTz6/A1V+MHbaDP9P5PVOWdf7PJyHgpg+i/K2gVS9PUNp8a5F11B0Zv3U pb+dnfdZDEZqNkah9SYx6Rs2bFMGZuAGlO/wS/2qvpg4c20A49TCAnhjrZbdDiH8NknLepljgZsE 5P8lcywwhi7b7WKY5TBWIjFi+cD02xyHiDK0Jd7XZ70c8s3NxOXQGLeb81kaktHtCsZ5XS7P+qRR lrf5/Gew1rJ+OzAMIOP9uq7TPmU1bVpM2BfSJBoA+arPhJ+CBQvPzDLVNmnWJ628UL/3U5o4zmMB C+oIlLugqg35/HP1Pm/BQvVd1GM2x4sKH4ZoM3g/xrkxSIjJ/Ev93Mt49kW0bTbiLG4elYeKAAMS Q/rf0YeS/RDVpwqvfH4Kyccn4gvJi2b4jNbD9uHzAyCIb5h1mwpLVeR7Bsq3+2uiX9hGjBMns321 UOfzU23twfdvoB191ldn53Y2zGjBjPQ7qbPvYjSg6E0k2op0v2e8WJ9+VPFmcbekcnUprh93BBdN tZCy/pZILDxvVn2JRdenj5QaH64yDDaB5+90WDMWoIxeEpFPOcQC9b4V5Tynxnpn5xwSUgkjfZyw Hb6/x9p3nZ2v4fujSDA2XFUbkH/Iuft7+P4y3z4JlsOxxY2YDiyxMGTOLEdZ9+K3/dve1URPiNSk IA4MgO69U6S5M3bHG3CHjB3ZPuiA/+VgQX4nQHr5Ld5Pxet0Whji/Wj8fhA+74Xffqh2i9yt4i46 DMh98NxhejJchnS34TPvnKPVWfJ2Ig+fxSCNtFysrXXO549LI3+fPDSuFfhxkfbJA31xhUVy2SMq D31zRaJ+Q/2u567ZpY7cSQcXZQYALz1LCRq/z3cZQyj3Md6lGFcux7ZLfsE0qMtZtrxJHEnywzNL MO9Odt08oR+3qKpTR8cXWCfmgfr9Hr9XxdMMGctTEJllRBxW/J3pbOTg0mZgcyOlL5dymCaoacLz v+H3l0ACx2+MuuQyJm/tM7RAemPDDVuVYZklvw9Q5i6u9TXT/RXrKDcSjnUsxRt+MctwjEnakeoz AMMaicQLpMpO/8B14KbakIjMuJubNWLEaO7KQHrHoW1UFfkS3/31qm+pHNT1eFs/wApTLSr1/GsU 0TGYACZt8lBuiKZDVWccVjai480PfA59wGAGbgu3ngtYpJ6Juu0Cv+/mm2dpLJTqFWwTznM3qWHe 0tKzz0VrYSM6lLsdMUQeM33rgPz+4qIFoloaeb/pm385PbURuLkhbixYiQ5SFt0ykNd1nuVfgfyG aP/Isz2fXULpz6W+pTQqMIRh1ORZ3nJuvlz6wqdOTZEWi+k0TzBidzJQR361KRoXXokhjInJXRra /4ZT+xFqrN5tokRiqdvbjfCDahTRaaKxWp069VvRJ+2WuHMTG9HhuWu5cCTYFKk5ggWHVrFVf0pd n+yqqGK++fwZtnxp6YzfbUGbY+esgeURcePcRnRG1B2fskppKeFsFVeuHgs3uvZ7SLrb48aCjehU 2EHcielbtlLTIpg2+mxPPOsiyVXih1slqFZ3wUb3S639z/GlpNe2+gM4vrsMl4GMc/DW+OuDagEd eyxwiBwgUO2cXs8WqXMA+/nprfWsR3mnWFQJ1111yfIZOg79w0Dg/+K9euivHWmAwHOMmZ2dH8X/ G+qzqauCKidDCvpeFG42okOejyK/CmMt1gPl3USywe+sy1R8Zz03xPcLqUkIlsuwbPjtz8brpqoF FKryQJpyerT7u2Ft4ZkMnpuP9xl4P5xGDrOAD1WpKGMifTLxvj9ed9oWbTzzTty9iyES3b+CCznS zSM++rjhVNSBG5YwyZjBxWOPPEAaP0UeS5D3Hcj7ZPZ7aSzAb1eNBRh17EQpkelCiMl6xmliWjWO eHaL/izlh8+UfmZxbPLIhOSAF8/zbOvjHUhfedZeDNV3Eep/Ip65EO9Vl0obecXXl0Y5ITfR4Pt7 ULc9sIZ98mqMR95Hibx5fjeFRGypM8/utmzEOpNZmdix8izMhbx80iwJC9ycWUNqzFgvls+GYQEr v31qLMLrcZ5ZhizaF3pllFLiRkp0xMLFL5NN1RfzVvtnxkjkVqKrnBc0oLjUduanLP9CIvwQt7gu oDRj2UQksrpkAGfns7YiaVSp8HlGHlXnEKIz1wdGYDnYFmZMSTcWAysuuGFhAs260MDjOkiucZjy d85pvF61YPu3uOfDNkwqL2xCaPUbzIO3QOD3OTHr6WLkPTmoIiZWeO5PIc/i5+g/fVtL5Ua0SGJH Uf0f9rTuy+qjARjitFWYOK2a8SExt7Sw+pqVy60S10HN9DsXsTDjnHqrYxmL0rrj9rR0TAvfRhKd bxu0KXtwnL4bdf7kQHQ0TAmVOOhegP6yBSWPXaTSJDpfrJRUUS2pQ6gL/4siOvz2Pt0Zop7HHPtx yNjezbf+celRn62r2oc6xpnxRxDde9jEfzqsXGy0KDFb10iSeZSBCTco1CJY+uOlKLKiEZ91wwJJ MQ4f/k63E2t/YCPk8nxLpKH6JwOJrnRGcVdfLjemJYDQlbwahgsYbC+amHDQ15u0qWaw9QsW8cm1 4skzCmWcgzJmYtJS5UPT9Kh8W4noSGjAzma0MDGsjVFEx7M6lwN6lHm5ZZF6NK6/Gkp0RR+0oEr6 6aREh7z2j2svF3TMKZrgB8s9Ne5Z39+1pWNVWbwSLKaNVtcM1PtXcXXA+vG4dU11OOcnfpZnl0fd GYjyaOUaJNf5lO7j6srf9TGJ7exztsu4dymj4WmUpRT08pmRXT7/GvXovn4sjQRGOyOX9ftY6B5G fWLPD9Ks8ww4j1r7BEGyay2H5zY8YzDzB+k93i5Ex3bwHK0KvwgLtjCiI07cMbtgjj7bxdJn78U9 20iio/9UUHqhVBYl/YZKdPn8U66GUsiDZ2hBw4spcVgl+R3rT5WlJH3rEhDduy4qdLTrQtvchc/o ZnH1h9P5x/Fs1blZ2BhU1pyBjTnLRvtgw+L+Z5N8WQ8a7bnn0uQp0UgeJLupJBOmU2cYEJFdzw8a DRkP0EuYoO7n17s+POO09Unc+YlLPVV0jOpF5pl2Ijq076pgG6P8hCIkuttcMGUajBlGSwmekyyP O+toJNGR0DC+55n1xv9LoiT8CNVlrMVmCUvkcbhForvRFWufdNCCXGYpawdfogOhRKp0jbYdapm7 JMnhcfXW0m455mk5n+5uqyW7NjKqIsY4Ig/Wgy5hKKuqXBja7BVX55b5XVkvJSQw7+d4OJzPnwap 6b9dfHYaBeI0RH0vLQB0Sq93PYDrpBBsD6i1Lu1AdDDrZXirSfSNRP9sjzFMZ+lt6HeEz+vb3GZ4 dheGXRjRAatfuOJNizZLny2HVcmHovLImuhYPoNGsxziRLxUmXADwvtEC9Et5fgPq3MY0SHvz7hi hf7Z3YKV86bCLEf3XehYQL3+aiG6HX2JDharP3dpHy0cLW1z9sPF888Hn58BIx5b2RQeLJur/iRH LTaBB99ZXWRccGi6NFGHy95E5keYc3h423SA6AphwJ2K9i9F+I816l1HZRhjwZKuELXWpVWJjhZ3 kHR3BQY0ofdWtychOiww33TFm2rAZiE6nsFqqek+Smg+85iqzAREt9BVbUk8bQZDXGhdsSa5qWg1 +fw1aFt1mLyYdYguKr5E5+q8rV1dguePsZaeZYkQRyVV/RWidke6at8+WIUmOVtDXtV3XsJ/0LVP mj5dX/H2apvFWBbqzGUY0DdSSmI4nWYGBzveL6KudzaijlzU0SdVCxQWiItqrU8rEh36YUssIE/7 LNjBtImILuZORbMvtIl4cM7UVaKjczHjbQKvxNFkkhAdiCNS9R0cszZrb1ei48Yc5T1Zy1hIQnSz HGOCMu+quiEwh+u8xbPVLgohREeJyyLR/du1LDMd6n2MRfJ9JEleTfsMFpFraxk4cc+iQ6j/PSsu WCmtpHhhq54IBypnU4RiwrNXoSMY5HYG1VJaHcHYiZfo38/F92cpCyQdDxO/7a/UNB0dn2OUeF/w lb68o+Mnvs+lkV4fMlepMNAmOtbW9NdqRKd3rV4huGzjMQnR8dJSV7AbTXRKoszn/x43F+N+T0J0 yNNZNacluqpzYheiQx/+AulqHgtJiM41VmY9iQ64V1n64jvsk/3/eImzhehe8s+piZ8I0SunIdEx OOnJU0eODFX/0UdEq0+vxDsjw/uHyolTVTDkEkJqcZH3sQCN87fJskuporPs1t7j+VQt5bYS0WGj QafmqHG4GDjxNoVn8U4zcjrkWsdPIqLzUFs3kug4ptH+6WFYaUzeA068seA5pOM8owm97eb6JKpL aC7d/5JIdKj3XjFrA8fCKy5jIQnR6auNYhtZT6JDv1YbXSVUNyKvyRZJ9NXYBrdSAprNoqHpqi9h 1hsX7UDFnAwJRxS380z6OwbiTa5R7RvZh5iwv7a2ESGkaqlXqxAdxw7GRlV4LXy3EH14BoNbBzci 1AhQCrNpKNqZ6IAHg0RXbwiK1yEdxHkW3OBxw6TDQVXcypBQosuU6BiYG+2rUseirovQ9jN5zGAb CzyrVFqgap897zO6ZiQ6arSCbWOotSTrA7CsjpKFjVGSvJr6GQBWdY1KUjLB4DoxLngq8p4EcKuc OROX6WEIQ8umZvcRYUxEGxa+PjLBQZeE6KjCtez2+nwGNPra65oepP+Dpf1vUhUdVy6erfLTalei 007RtjOr2+P8vvS9ZRXO9c1IdLTUtoyFeSS4uLFgI4O2kegYc7V63ZsTh4ntd2Bsuy1ldpK8mvoZ hrlKg2QwUS6Ks/rhoTnKuj+N8mrIY04jVZNxg0GbTVdF+AC+C3pXWmm1uOfDfk9CdAxcayE6L78n H6LTqjhb9Iw9Xdo9mIgOi/aGFhX34jhtCnFsFaJDG6uCHkOij40jyja2M9GhbYdY1r+34tZf2xzC nLH5G8JToc3+1OIScmuuK5nwnCTOb4iwaV+eNM4Aa8oD9U10uWG9uh64nxuikjoxaR2SEB3GxZYW oosNb2XW0YfopnR3j7ectS12vQm5DYjuJtf+DZG2nczCW4HolCq6WmpZFhe2roRfOxOddV4Cq6mI les6fgycZlepQXHptW8+LZG+1iDPIA6nu4xsh6iuZJpmurBLLJulsxiLMsTKbDHDhCWpZxKiC4n6 scQl2kOpjj5ER5WUhVifdW1vqxMd2u5sXYs5d7RFonNy9G0JorNFCYKE5zoW2pno9Cagygo1TjUb xO6qUaNWB05V7kwUSFxxbql0Wqr7d2Iycbx0FR1R7RTpccaWuH7VZVzZ7B0EkumztZe+S0mMapIQ nXaGrrrShZFJXPHzITqopTaqWrxhLehRVquf0T3m2lYsRlVGS8C6bYiOZ7KWsfCyKz7tTHTEAH39 gGVT6Oy3p/KwncGD+BoRLMO1X2tOp8IoJTTxdzkXQAUZiNTmI1aTGjIh+R1SM2AZZ8BAr7QuC1Fh Ps7ffaqQhOiYv/VM1cMR1ofoUNZES3sXw0FolEtbW0miwx1t37JIZO+4nh+jrVVm4ZhfTuenrSDR zSpegRRcG5ah7pGh1QaD6pJtxHw+wjJ+lsT5LJfwYUQbbKYfsZAl3I/b/A+7xCkJiSP0KhQTMuSd eSDpuPpjMXgj6vqLZupiLGa2QLGlyc8QSAcwMKtLnZMSnU1FhnIZ3d9JveFDdDqWZZW7CyS9n7m0 saWIDjEibWOVUq1TWy1EifwWu2yAWoHodODp6lvcOzqc4r62u0QHqYtnmNWBoOE47hKWLWRer8D4 aa9bxm2TiSoxLBYVUc3jiIO/R5lwB4juQJf8skpDE2rk/R2XhaQZ0mgT8t4YPF7FoD0dbduib/jw MabfFK1cZ8HAA/3zXRsJYEcXG8JJG4hUSZbIj07ah8YRLTZPtuC6e4ThizpVXa+CcjihY/utlYiO UiraVEXq6MsbXKS6PoTw07gE4ys+HKdhaQWiU9qEfH6mRWoh+W0VNz/bneiU6jGfPyFE4zMt7EZ2 vYH4lc0GAN/9yyewRlwfNPXvKmiqpwoTgDtdZcGQXBi8T2VFZDH5ftCKh6wkEi5+Lphp1fNipH0b nxkAmedr4RFnHIhOTyib307pot0FdNSmMzdex9DhncSL96k8T7SVj+9DiQ6S53dtbWXbqJrD++F0 lNa3F+wIFeBPUdZxKkScJdBvs/rRaVzt/YpzSbTlz2gnA4yfq9qdz1eZfOM7m8/hCjz7Pl6XUb3J +ayx2kWpO+mbls/fHFzouAlMENQ5U4dxqndtxynqO7QB2ByB991LYwG3o+xDwziuR0hT4RDPMRVn rKE3whUbh2Z0GC8RiFobOjsfClkbGAXnLGhedub1Pfi8Hdp/LPB6IiQ9HfMnNTU5pV05NPhil4XV SLMMB5tfcqkHwKb/T9Ug9CzP71wPV9XzyhKX+jVjGqr0MKAvsk36mnBzJLpLcRO5VZ+f0JAoiuh0 vM+pNbXLqFczE91USKmu7eTGJaiSogoe/fKCax5R6ZqR6DAXh6DOV6bRvnYkOq5VMzs7P4ox8Eot GKHvl+C1dTOufZnWiZIXGn6PD3hYvJ50PfviBaNI/5hP/gnTvs2o7nHqtUzBTClzTQA7YFC/mBAL W6ioWNVlqfrYXU9Iy2o2iuiUyqqolqu+LTwBsTYz0am2hvlMWtp63corrxocTsoVhXE/E2BjPtOk REfndqp4r6+1fe1KdBwPvIg16dxEv8/j0UZKy1TrZXM9znsYKNVzgN0dF36ohAQchoYj7wMSlBEv zRWtiQ5xrUsr9Q4nPlVQNW4UqNK8Hdjv6tN2OutS9YXyF3qOi5Kak2d9t7kYXPAWCaSlZdnbScrC M8uB0dPQNGwc1sawi1d9zKuTBnUu1Umflx2G+sZescPzUltbtF/V5TbVmyN27Jd7om77QN5bWPLK VHVZaislWV6Gi/Kpjouf/9U3vlPt/UzfsGGR8WJbTXVpjgX2HdSUJ6ANNgOVKsyousbrap7h+6wB bZkWg4o3EXuJxdQZc4fhCog6HMVNuuqMB88Gzw4cB/a7lADw+hWdnAfDgSpvf6CvEdrMM6vpaPfj wUFOQsJvL+H9XrxPZVw7Sjg+19DY+hGL82j64CBfngP9B6+5gX7j/YNz0XcM90bV02FTu7q+5hrV wiyT5uQ8Z0AeVKffzx0oXua54xK07TV892+0jX50R3BR5s3fceNAGft0dh6M/E/Hc+cBn98TTx+H eJTRwfbp8Xs+3/k/idp1DjAdsFmdtzag/CvwuhOvB9gm1OkfyO9CzJH94jQTlLqRltdcTeN4wOfg osdbRZ5HvrfhtwtQ3n693d1foQQdV1dllAQndX0ueB7ef8d+iXvO/J0uA3iO57i8uot4n4LXD1zz YD2RfifUn2r8/5D4zLGAz0s5FvA9fYKvpDYH79/heI8bC6wDxwKep2HX+aWx4Hp/Jtc8fT59NtuG fE5G2bFGM6W2A8sfEVOOQ43xUUkinXCThnVhf9TlGq39UX6wxEnPyVvpg+nqhuDaNy2fTpGdv//b AoC9NxcBXwC4sGHH/xUeMqPsI1H2mXqR4x1MvIfuHHx3Aha1yfi8NesXF0jatw6tmp7qTS6wnJx8 17HvhmTdHl3uMC7EJAmScJK4ey71ZL7cHLEsvHdzAcuqLJf6NHOa0nggVsZ4aOYqe9VNxkIsXFwP 1LykBbbMkxi8eF0Gd5iO0pUpJt9P/y0uTLFdklECfba1fpzJdUbFS7aCgCAgCAgCrYIA1U6Qoq5O QHY0632aKguI5xtwt591m0msSq2HMkHQd0E6/HHWZUr+goAgIAgIAm2AANVECBW2b/AsyJX8lJ64 qAa9FES0L40S0jAYuTyXWwU+NF9GvvujjKtRxqtaL/0ArdLaAHppgiAgCAgCgkA9EdAHrze6ElxU Oh4g0w8E73dQYsT7H3ioi2cOUaTKwKP5/F4888NvPJf7FYiMjrSX4/tbtbEFI56YKlMaYRxD/7N6 4iJlCQKCgCAgCLQXAnTmpLd9PfzhXE2Kl9Hyrrera932glpaIwgIAoKAINAwBNSt4TD5pUlvwOzb lZxqTodyF4LgGDJp/YYBIQULAoKAICAItDcCPL9jGDDtB/JGGmrNmDx48eD9iLZ9cK1+Ye3dM9I6 QUAQEAQEgdQRUBEnuro2haR3orJ6tERpT0SEuGIHec6gQyTPCcUvJPWukwwFAUFAEBAEkiBAh8UZ iG/JkFMqekBRzcj4dYz88CRejN7xGj358f0T+HwPPftVhAJEmcBrG567NdIfL0m75RlBQBAQBASB xiDwf9+dSnQsuKM/AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT134

Keywords: Apeaesu; Agency of evaluation and accreditation in Bolivia; Deinstitutionalization

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar la desinstitucionalización de los procesos de evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Bolivia por parte de la Agencia Plurinacional de la Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior Universitaria. La búsqueda exhaustiva de la bibliografía determinó que la creación de la mencionada agencia no se ha concretado, lo que impide que los procesos mencionados se lleven a cabo de manera sistemática por dicho organismo. La evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Bolivia continúan siendo llevados a cabo por el Comité Ejecutivo de la Universidad Boliviana y por el Ministerio de Educación.Palabras clave: Institucionalización; Evaluación y acreditación; Desinstitucionalización; Acreditación universitaria

Revista EduSol

Volumen 16. Número 57.

ISSN: 1729-8091

Publicada en línea:11 de enero de 2017 (http://edusol.cug.co.cu)

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT2

Introduction

At present, social changes and those imposed by science and technology have affected Higher Education. This situation requires universities to continuously review their methods, content, management and structures to adapt to these changes (Auza, 2016).

The traditional university structure has not been relevant in terms of raising quality and equity, which has motivated higher education institutions to include processes for measuring the quality of educational strategies and policies that aim to respond to new social demands (Tirado, 2016).

From the above, agencies, organizations or systems responsibles for carrying out the processes of evaluation and university accreditation in the different regions of the world have been created.

In the United States there are six recognized agencies, some of them with more than 120 years of operation. Over time, these six entities have standardized their criteria and procedures (Miranda, 2016a).

The setting up of agencies in Europe takes place as of 1990. In most cases they have been established in response to the deepening of the European Union. These agencies have the main tasks of quality assurance and support the process of adjustment to the guidelines established by the European Union (Miranda, 2016a).

In Latin America, different types of agencies coexist in the same country. There are public but autonomous entities in relation to the Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico governments; in the same way agencies belonging to the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay; there are also private organizations in Chile, Panama and Puerto Rico, and entities dependent on higher education institutions in Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay (Noda and Surós, 2016).

In Bolivia there is a division in university higher education between the System of the Bolivian University (SUB) of autonomous character, and the Plurinational Educational System that depends on the Ministry of Education. This division is manifested in the legal, academic and in the conception of educational quality and its evaluation (Alcón, 2016).

The Executive Committee of the Bolivian University (CEUB), through its National Secretariat for Evaluation and Accreditation (SNEA), is the organization in charge of carrying out the evaluation and accreditation processes in the universities of the SUB. On the other hand, the Ministry of Education is responsible for carrying out the aforementioned processes in private, indigenous and special regime universities. It should be noted that the Regional Accreditation System of University Careers (ARCU-SUR) accredits careers of private and autonomous public universities through the National Commission of University Careers Accreditation (CNACU), Bolivian corporate system.

However, current regulations establish the creation of an agency responsible for evaluating and accrediting the educational quality of all the universities recognized by the Education Law 070,

that is, the universities that make up the SUB and the universities of the Plurinational State of Bolivia that include private, indigenous and special regime.

The importance and social need that is granted to the processes of university evaluation and accreditation in Bolivia are anchored in governing documents such as the Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009) and in the Avelino Siñani-Elizardo Pérez Education Law No. 70 (2010).

The Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009) states that "The monitoring, measurement, evaluation and accreditation of educational quality throughout the education system, will be in charge of a public institution, specialized technique, independent of the Ministry of the field. Its composition and operation will be determined by law "(p.19).

On the other hand, the Law on Education Avelino Siñani-Elizardo Pérez No.70 (2010), in its article 68, section three, establishes the creation of the Plurinational Agency for the Evaluation and Accreditation of Higher Education in Universities (APEAESU), a decentralized agency, conformed by a Directory and a Specialized Technical Team whose operation and financing will be regulated by Supreme Decree.

Studies carried out by Auza (2016), Alcón (2016), Yujra (2016) and Olmos (2017), agree that the creation of the APEAESU has not materialized, which makes imposible the institutionalization of university evaluation and accreditation processes by the aforementioned body.

The situation described is an obstacle to raise the quality of university higher education in Bolivia. The Bolivian scientific community has the challenge of finding solutions to this problem. In this regard, this article aims to demonstrate the deinstitutionalization of the processes of evaluation and accreditation of university higher education APEAESU.

The methodology used consisted in the bibliographic review of sources that contain institutionalization concepts, background of evaluation and accreditation agencies in Europe, the United States, Latin America and Bolivia with the purpose of supporting the object of study. Two books, a doctoral thesis, two master's theses, five scientific articles, four training materials, two normative documents, a blog, and two Internet pages that were relevant to support the object of study of the present investigation were selected as sample.

Development

The study of the institutionalization category allowed determining that it has different meanings according to research of authors of different nationalities. This is the case of Selznick (1957, 1996), Scott (1991), Rodríguez (2015), Guevara, Pacheco and Pacheco (2016), among others.

Selznick (1957) points out that institutionalization is a neutral idea that becomes evident with the emergence of socially integrated, ordered and stable patterns that originate from usually unstable, restricted or weakly organized technical activities.

Scott (1991) suggests that it is a process of adaptation to values that are known by social relationships.

Selznick (1996) argues that institutionalization is a process by which organizations develop a class of structures in which some socially ordered and stable patterns of integration are distinguished.

Rodríguez (2015) conceives it as the application and realization of a continuous process. In the present research the acceptance of the aforementioned author is assumed, since it corresponds to the meaning that is intended to be granted to the term institutionalization, that is, the systematic application of the processes of evaluation and university accreditation made by agencies, systems or organizations.

In Europe, the evaluation and accreditation processes have had their development, a phenomenon that is manifested in the continuous realization of these by agencies.

In this regard, the National Agency for the Evaluation of Quality and Accreditation (ANECA), the European Consortium for Accreditation (ECA), the European Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA), among others, are created in Europe.

In the United States, there are several quality assurance agencies, such as the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASEC), the Middle Stats Association of Colleges and Schools (MSACS), the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCACS), the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), the Northwest Association of Schools and

Colleges (NASC), and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) (Miranda, 2016a).

In Latin America, entities have been created such as the National Commission for the Evaluation of Higher Education (CONAEVA) of Mexico, the Higher Council of Education (CSE) of Chile, the National Accreditation Council (CNA) of Colombia, the Program of Institutional Evaluation of the Brazilian Universities (PAIUBE) of Brazil, the National Commission for University Evaluation and Accreditation (CONEAU) of Argentina, the National System of Evaluation and Superior Accreditation (SINAES) of Costa Rica, the National Agency of Evaluation and Accreditation of the Higher Education (ANAES) of Paraguay, the National System of Evaluation of Higher Education (SINAES) of Brazil, among others (Miranda, 2016a).

Despite the creation of agencies, organizations and instances of quality assurance, to the present there is no accreditation that grants a serious certification of educational quality. In this regard, it is stated: "There are no national / international agencies that can offer an international accreditation formally recognized as such (neither in Europe, nor in North America, nor in Asia, nor in Latin America)" (Miranda, 2016b, p.16).

In the specific case of Bolivia, in 1994, with the promulgation of the Law on Educational Reform or Law 1565, the setting up of instances such as the National System of Accreditation and Measurement of Educational Quality (SINAMED) was established; administered by the National Council for the Accreditation and Measurement of Educational Quality (CONAMED), which aimed to certify the measurement of educational quality and the accreditation of programs, careers and institutions of all levels of education; and the National Subsystem of Quality Measurement (SIMECAL), technical body of CONAMED, whose objective was to provide valid and reliable information about the levels reached by students in terms of acquisition and development of skills (Daza, 2003).

The creation of the referenced organizations, established in Law 1565, shows the increase in the importance of educational quality. It should be noted the purpose of certifying the measurement and accreditation of quality, both for autonomous public universities and private, since until now

there is no single agency that evaluates and accredits the educational quality of these types of universities with the same standards.

The Bolivian University rejected Articles 21, 22, 23, 33, 34 and 53, related to SINAMED, CONAMED and SIMECAL because they violated Articles 185 and 187 of the Political Constitution of the State and presented a judgment of inapplicability before the Supreme Court of Justice and unconstitutionality of the mentioned articles (Daza, 2003).

The rejection of the articles mentioned by the SUB is a clear example of the rivalry and antagonism between the SUB and private universities. This situation has not made it possible to hold meetings or systematic meetings of both sectors.

In 2005, the National Council for the Accreditation of Higher Education (CONAES) was created, with a public nature. It was responsible for the accreditation of the quality of careers and academic programs, public and private institutions. Among its purposes, it was emphasized to guarantee the continuous improvement of the academic quality of institutions, careers and programs, and to respond to the commitments of the Bolivian State in matters of subregional and regional academic integration (Daza and Padilla, 2014).

The aforementioned body was in charge of carrying out the self-assessment, external evaluation by peer evaluators, and accreditation processes based on four dimensions: institutional context, academic project, human resources and infrastructure, and equipment. However, several factors influenced so that its implementation has not been carried out.

The lack of implementation of CONAES impeded the continuous improvement of the quality of university higher education in Bolivia jointly of both autonomous public and private universities, in addition, has not allowed the country to have a participatory role in the evaluation and accreditation processes in the regional context. It highlights the similarity of the dimensions of the aforementioned organism with those of the ARCU-SUR System.

In 2010, the CNACU is created. This corporate organization's main purpose is to contribute to the improvement of quality through actions, one of which is the management of the creation and implementation of APEAESU.

As can be seen, the concern for the improvement of educational quality is reinforced by the creation of an agency in charge of coordinating the foundation of APEAESU. However, until the making of this article, when this creation is not made concrete, the inefficiency in the fulfillment of one of the actions of the CNACU for the achievement of the improvement of the educational quality is manifested: creation and implementation of the APEAESU.

On September 26, 2012, the National Technical Meeting of Directors of Evaluation and Accreditation of the SUB was held, convened by the SNEA to give treatment to the APEAESU bill; and for the following and subsequent day, the CNACU convened the First National Meeting entitled "Towards the consolidation of APEAESU and evaluation of the ARCU-SUR System of MERCOSUR Education". Both events were very intense since the indicators and instruments of the peer evaluators and the Ministry of Education, the CEUB and the National Association of Private Universities (ANUP) (APRECIA, 2012) counted consolidation proposals of the mentioned agency.

The aforementioned events have in common the treatment of the creation of the APEAESU, which constitutes relevant facts to the present investigation. The work of the SNEA and the CNACU in the organization of these events should be highlighted, since bringing together two antagonistic sectors of university higher education in Bolivia such as the SUB and the ANUP has always been a very complex task.

In 2017, the CNACU organizes a meeting of the representatives of the accrediting agencies of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, rectors of Bolivian public and private universities, university federations and Bolivian educational actors with the aim of exchanging experiences around the processes and factors of success of the experiences of conformation of National Accreditation Agencies in view of the constitution of the APEAESU, in the framework of the creation of this. The participants presented their respective experiences of creation and the forms of coordination with the national academic actors and with the ARCU-SUR system (Pesoa, 2017).

It should be noted the socialization of experiences of creation of National Accreditation Agencies by the participants of the mentioned meeting, since with their exhibitions they contribute to the

constitution of the APEAESU. However, it should be noted that since the enactment of the 070 Education Law, which establishes the creation of the APEAESU, until the realization of the referenced meeting, the creation of the APEAESU had not materialized, which indicates the lack of compliance of what is established by Law 070.

As can be seen, there is scarce scientific production and information about the consolidation of the creation of the APEAESU. The work of the CNACU to concretize the creation of the mentioned instance is reflected in the organization of meetings that have had as a central axis the treatment of the APEAESU. However, the work of the CNACU until the preparation of the present investigation has no results. This situation does not allow the processes of evaluation and accreditation by the APEAESU to be institutionalized.

In this article, it is recommended that this and the other investigations related to the institutionalization of the processes of university evaluation and accreditation in Bolivia be taken into account in order to fill theoretical and methodological gaps in the treatment of the subject. In addition, it is recommended to continue investigating the subject to contribute to the proposals for possible solutions to the problem of the deinstitutionalization of the mentioned processes by the APEAESU.

Conclusions

The bibliography consulted showed that until the preparation of this article the creation of the APEAESU has not been consolidated, a situation that does not allow the institutionalization of the evaluation and accreditation processes by the aforementioned agency. Meetings have been held with the objective of concretizing the creation of APEAESU, however, they were not successful. There is scarce scientific production related to the deinstitutionalization of university evaluation and accreditation by APEAESU. It is a challenge for the university evaluation and accreditation in Bolivia to specify the creation of the APEAESU so that the aforementioned processes can be continuously carried out.

Bibliographic references

Agencia Plurinacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior Universitaria-APEAESU. (2012). [se describe la reunión Técnica Nacional de Directores de Evaluación y Acreditación y el I Encuentro Nacional del SUB] APRECIA, (1), p.14. Recuperado de www.duea.umss.edu.bo

Alcón, R. (2016).

Sistema de evaluación para acreditación de carreras de universidades indígenas en el marco de la Ley 070

. (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Mayor de San Andrés: La Paz.

Auza, R. (2016).

El Sistema de Educación Superior y la Evaluación de su Calidad.

(Diplomado en Evaluación y Acreditación de la Calidad de la Educación Superior). [Módulo I].

Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

(2009). Recuperado de http://www.opce.gob.bo/publico/juridico_c/constitucion

Daza, R. (2003).

Los procesos de evaluación y acreditación universitaria. La experiencia boliviana. Instituto de la UNESCO para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe IESALC-UNESCO

. Recuperado de http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001399/139971s.pdf

Daza, R. & Padilla, A. (2014).

Regulación de la educación superior en Bolivia. La nueva normativa

. Universidades, 65 (62), pp. 19-41. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/html/373/37333040004/

Guevara, F., Pacheco, L. & Pacheco, F. (2011).

El proceso de institucionalización del sistema de educación superior ecuatoriano

. Cumbres, 2(21), pp. 17-24. Recuperado de http://oaji.net/articles/2017/3933-1491599735.pdf

Ley de la Educación de Bolivia 070 “Avelino Siñani-Elizardo Pérez”

. Revolución en la Educación, La Paz, Bolivia, 20 de diciembre de 2010. Recuperado de

https://www.oei.es/historico/quipu/bolivia/Leydla%20.pdf

Miranda, N. (2016).

El rol de las agencias en los procesos de evaluación y acreditación e importancia y beneficios de la acreditación

. (Diplomado en Evaluación y Acreditación de la Calidad de la Educación Superior).

Miranda, N. (2016).

La evaluación externa. Procedimientos, actores y productos

. (Diplomado en Evaluación y Acreditación de la Calidad de la Educación Superior).

Noda, M. & Surós, E. (2016).

El Papel de la Evaluación y la Acreditación en el Contexto de la Innovación Universitaria

. La Habana: Palacio de Convenciones.

Olmos, M. (2017, septiembre 17).

La evaluación de las universidades bolivianas, vacíos y debilidades

. Recuperado de https://elblogdelamolmitos.wordpress.com/2017/09/17/la-evaluacion-de-las-universidades-bolivianas-vacios-y-debilidades-sistole-diastole-oh-lt-33/#more-5136

Pesoa, A. (2017).

Participación de representantes de la ANEAES en intercambio de experiencias para la creación de la Agencia Plurinacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de Educación Superior Universitaria en Bolivia

. Recuperado de www.aneaes.gov.py/aneaes/index.php/using-joomla/extensions/modules/content-modules/latest-articles/83-articles/391-participacion-de-representantes-de-la-aneaes-en-intercambio-de-experiencias-para-la-creacion-de-la-agencia-plurinacional-de-evaluacion-y-acreditacion-de-educacion-superior-universitaria-de-bolivia

Rodríguez, P. (2015).

Creación y establecimiento de estándares para la evaluación de la calidad de la educación superior: un modelo adaptado a los centros universitarios regionales de la Udelar

. (Tesis de doctorado). Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Scott, R. (1991).

Institutions and Organizations

. Oaks: Sage.

Selznick, P. (1957).

Leadership in Administration

: A Sociological Interpretation. New York: UA.

Selznick, P. (1996).

Institutionalism old and new

. Administrative cience quarterly. 41(2), pp.270-277.

Tirado, H. (2016).

Planificación y Evaluación Institucional

. (Diplomado en Evaluación y Acreditación de la Calidad de la Educación Superior).

Yujra, W. (2016).

Sistema de autoevaluación para la carrera Ingeniería Agronómica de la Universidad Indígena Boliviana AymaraTupak Katari, en el marco de la Ley de la educación No. 070 Avelino Siñani- Elizardo Pérez

. (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.

Kinjo Villarroel-Sikujara: Institutionalization of the process of evaluation and acreditation in higher education in Bolivia

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT134

EduSol Vol. 19. Núm.69